AGAweb Amp Design and Building FAQ

``Amp building is like "bootcamp", only the strong survive.'' -Doug Roccaforte

These are questions related to designing and building amps, heads, combos, preamps, occasionally speaker cabinets. Some of the answers are clear facts, others are opinions. We've tried to carefully differentiate between the two, but if you think we missed that boat on a question, please send email to <agaATrru.com> (replace the AT with "@" in your email!) with the details.

If your question isn't answered in any of these FAQs, ask it on alt.guitar.amps !

The Questions

  1. What information is available about building cabinets?
  2. Where can I get the basics on output transformer design?
  3. Where can I get started reading about designing or building my own amp?
  4. What programs are available for drawing schematics?
  5. Are there any transistor designs I can build?
  6. Where can I see amps others have built?
  7. How should I orient my transformers?
  8. What's the headphone positioning trick with transformers?

Some Answers

  1. What information is available about building cabinets?

    Casey4s (David McClain) has some cabinet tutorials at http://s238.photobucket.com/albums/ff243/Casey4s/The%20Tolex%20Tutorial-Tolexing%20a%20Cabinet/ .

  2. Where can I get the basics on output transformer design?

    Casey4s (David McClain) has an output transformer impedance help page at http://us.f1.yahoofs.com/users/6b29ab49/bc/Output+Transformer+Impedance+(Text+file)/OT+Impedance+(HTML).htm?bcRFv17ARwucVNq3 .

  3. Where can I get started reading about designing or building my own amp?

    Check the AGA Sources FAQ at http://aga.rru.com/FAQs/sources.html#homebrew .

    Additionally, Randall Aiken (of Aiken Amplifier fame) has a lot of excellent information available on his web site: http://www.aikenamps.com/ (click on "Tech Info") There's quite a bit of important theory and excellent advice there, including a list of very helpful books.

    Among the books, a must-have for a tube amp designer is one of the tube handbooks. The RCA Receiving Tube manuals are among the most commonly used. A Radiotron Design Handbook is also quite handy. You can also find a wealth of tube data on the web, including a program and database you can download for your Microsoft-based computer; see the AGA Sources FAQ at http://aga.rru.com/FAQs/sources.html#tubedata1 for more information.

    Besides the tube data locator software, Duncan Munro also makes a wealth of other information and software available on his site at http://www.duncanamps.com/ including programs to help design or modify tone stacks and power supplies.

    The AX84 project (http://www.ax84.com/) has schematics, build tips, forums, theory, and all sorts of useful information.

  4. What programs are available for drawing schematics?

    For X11 (Linux, Unix, even Windows) the only real choice is xcircuit (available at http://bach.ece.jhu.edu/~tim/programs/xcircuit/). Fortunately it's an excellent choice.

    I'm still looking for a short list of recommended programs for Windows and MacOS, but here's a long list from the net:

     >Subject: Re: Freeware schem.capture/board-design/auto-router ?
     >Date: Fri, 16 Feb 2001 07:40:43 +0000
     >From: Terry Pinnell 
     >Newsgroups: sci.electronics.cad
     
     With minor variations, this question seems to arise here (and/or in
     one of the other sci.electronics newsgroups) several times a month.
     
     So I've listed below about 50 ECAD packages with URLs and brief notes,
     with an emphasis on amateur/hobby use. They're obviously a very mixed
     bag in terms of capabilities, full version price and popularity. Most
     of them include schematic drawing. Many include PCB design (a few with
     auto-routing). Relatively few incorporate simulation.
     
     Terry Pinnell
     Hobbyist, West Sussex, UK
     
     =========================
     ========
     B2SPICE
     BeigeBag
     www.beigebag.com
     
     "Analog simulator ... includes 3,000+ parts from manufacturers." From
     $99.
     Also B2 LOGIC "Digital circuit simulation & analysis tool with circuit
     editor". Demos cannot save and print and are limited to a certain
     number of components in a circuit. Trials are fully functional but are
     limited to 30 days use.
     =========================
     ========
     CADSTAR
     ZUKEN
     http://www.zuken.com/solutions els.asp
     
     Schematic and routing. No demo/evaluation, but can download 'Entry
     Level Brochure' (244Kb). "Complete PCB Design On The Desktop. CADSTAR
     is Zuken?s Entry Level Solution ...runs under Windows NT, Windows 98
     and Windows 95 operating systems."
     =========================
     ========
     CADINT PCB
     CADint Sweden
     http://www.cadint.se/
     
     Free version "allows use of all features up to 250 pins, using manual
     routing only. The application requires Window 95/98 or Window NT...
     Note that all libraries in CADint PCB free version are cut down to a
     minimum, to speed up the download process." Approx. 10.5 MB
     =========================
     ========
     CAPFAST
     Phase Three Logic
     www.phase3.com
     
     "Includes schematic editor, symbol editor, symbol library, plotting
     program, & utilities." $1,000 entry? UNIX evaluation version
     available.
     =========================
     ========
     CIRCAD
     Holophase
     www.holophase.com/
     
     "Written entirely in Assembler Language by Hardware Design Engineers
     (not utility programmers), CIRCAD boasts the highest run-time
     performance of any PCB CAD package on the market today. Schematics,
     netlists, circuit boards, and gerber plots are all at your fingertips
     awaiting your beck and call. For the more advanced users, CIRCAD even
     has a "reverse engineering" feature that enables you to start with a
     scanned image of a PCB and work backwards to the schematic." Download
     version available.
     =========================
     ========
     CIRCUIT LAYOUT
     http://nstarsolutions.com/products/4488.htm
     
     "... a printed circuit board design program ... Features include an
     integrated autorouter, netlist import, Gerber photoplotter support,
     and design rules checks. It is intended for hobbyists, and small
     businesses." $82. Downloadable limited version for trial.
     =========================
     ========
     CIRCUIT CREATOR
     AMS
     www.advancedmsinc.com/
     
     "Includes full Schematic Design and Capture, full interactive Symbol
     Editor, professional Printed Circuit Board Design and Layout, and
     Automatic Routing." Free demo.
     =========================
     ========
     CircuitMaker and TraxMaker, currently at version 2000
     PROTEL/MICROCODE
     www.microcode.com
     
     "...allowing you to design, simulate and output your printed circuit
     board designs. Exceptional ease of use and tight integration means
     you'll spend less time learning the software and more time
     designing... all the features of professional, high-end software at a
     fraction of the cost." Student Version, same as CM 6 with the
     following limitations: Max 50 devices per design (any type); Device
     library limited to 1,000 models; Symbol editor and Macro feature
     disabled; PCB netlist export limited to TraxMaker format; Technical
     support limited to fax and email only.
     Technical Support for the FULL version is pretty abysmal in my
     opinion, so it's just as well that paper and on-screen Help is
     relatively good.I'm a user of CM Pro 6.2c myself.
     =========================
     ========
     COMPUTAMATION SYSTEMS
     VUTRAX
     www.vutrax.co.uk/
     
     No simulation. Demo version limited to 256 pins. Extensive libraries,
     plus "...you can draw anything you like". Approx. 9MB download (7
     floppy-sized files).
     =========================
     ========
     DESIGN WORKS
     DOUGLAS PROFESSIONAL CAD/CAM
     http://209.35.53.132
     
     Demo for Mac downloadable. For Windows send for CD-ROM.
     =========================
     ========
     DESIGN WORKS LITE
     Capilano Computing
     www.capilano.com/
     
     "Draw, save, edit and print complete, professional circuit diagrams
     using powerful features like bussing, multi-level Undo/Redo, and
     automatic gate packaging. Use the library of common 74XX and discrete
     symbols provided or create your own libraries using the built-in
     symbol editor. Send compact circuit diagram files to friends or
     colleagues over the 'net. They can get their own free copy of
     DesignWorks Lite to view, edit and print the circuits."
     =========================
     ========
     DOUGLAS PROFESSIONAL CAD/CAM
     Douglas Electronics
     http://209.35.53.132/
     
     "Schematic capture and more..."
     =========================
     ========
     Eagle Layout
     CADSOFT
     www.cadsoftusa.com/
     
     "... easy to use, powerful and affordable schematic capture and
     printed circuit board design"
     =========================
     ========
     EASY-PC
     Number One Systems
     http://www.numberone.com/main.htm
     
     "Integrated Schematic and PCB design environment? Four Product
     Variants? Easy to use? Outputs professional manufacturing files? Sh
     ape
     Based Copper Pour? True Split/Partial Power Planes"
     Demo available.
     =========================
     ========
     EDS-LITE
     VAMP Inc
     www.mccad.com/
     
     "... fully operational EDA design system which will actually produce
     maufacturable outputs...includes a Schematic Capture module, a PCB
     Layout module, a Gerber Tranlator Module and a robust set of Library
     symbols and footprints. An abrieveated [and hopefully spell-checked]
     users manual is also provided in PDF format." This LITE version has
     net, pin and board size limits.
     =========================
     ========
     EDWIN
     Swift Eurotech
     www.swiftdesigns.co.uk/
     
     "EDWin is totally integrated CAD/CAE software packages..." [sic]. Demo
     available. Full versions ?165 - $540 @ Feb 2001.
     =========================
     ========
     EXPERT PCB
     Sage Eda
     www.sage-eda.com/
     
     "ExpertPCB II for MacOS costs $1695 per seat. A competitive upgrade is
     available for $995." Limited demo version.
     =========================
     ========
     ELECTRIC
     Static Free Software
     http://www.staticfreesoft.com/
     
     Free download. "The Electric source code distribution contains code
     written in C, which can be compiled and run on UNIX (all variants),
     Macintosh (system 7 or 8), and Windows (9x/NT/2000). In addition, the
     distribution includes the user's manual (in HTML) and supporting data
     files (libraries, samples, etc.)" Looks a bit tricky to set up on
     Windows? Full Windows version approx. $175.
     =========================
     ========
     gEDA
     Stormix Technologies
     www.stormix.com/resources/packages/electronics/geda-utils
     
     "GNU EDA, an electronics design package, including gschem, a schematic
     editor. This is alpha software!"
     =========================
     ========
     ICAP
     INTUSOFT
     www.intusoft.com
     
     "...the most powerful analog and mixed-signal simulation toolset on
     the market... sets the industry standard for accurate, easy-to-use,
     and feature rich SPICE software with state-of-the-art technology at a
     price affordable by ANY budget."
     Student version IsSpice4, "... the same as the production version.
     However, IsSpice4 will only accept SPICE netlists with fewer than 20
     top-level components... Simulator: Circuit Size Limited to 20 main
     circuit (top-level) elements, special limitations are applied to
     subcircuits... The key difference between the demonstration version of
     ICAP/4Windows and the ICAP/4 Students version is that ICAP/4Students
     comes with a much larger library of models (900 vs. 75+), full product
     support, and a printed manual."
     =========================
     ========
     INTERACTIVE IMAGE TECHNOLOGIES - Electronics Workbench (EWB)
     Multisim - Schematic Capture, Simulation & Programmable Logic
     
     (I recall EWB used to be the name of the package. But now it's the
     name of the company, and the package itself is now called Multisim.)
     You can download the Multisim V6 Demo for Windows 95/98/NT (large -
     msmdemo.exe is 22.5MB). Full version approx. $1,000?
     Also Ultiboard: Powerful PCB Layout & Ultiroute: Autorouting &
     Autoplacement.
     
     =========================
     ========
     LAY01
     www.baas.nl/
     
     PCB CAD/CAM software with 200 pin demo version for free download.
     =========================
     ========
     MATLAB
     The MathWorks Inc
     www.mathworks.com/
     
     Student version available
     =========================
     ========
     OSMOND PPC
     www.swcp.com/~jchavez/osmond.html
     
     Free MAC PCB CAD/CAM software.
     "The latest release is Version 0.99b2, built January 14, 2001...
     During the public beta testing period, I am providing current versions
     of the Osmond PCB application and documentation for the adventurous on
     a free trial basis. The application is fully functional and not
     crippled in any way."
     =========================
     ========
     PADSPCB
     ftp://sss-mag.com/pcb design/pcb.txt
     
     "...small printed circuit board cad package... three programs: an
     autorouter, a board viewer, and a board printer." Free limited demo
     version on this ftp server.
     =========================
     ========
     PCB
     Thomas Nau/Harry Eaton
     bach.ece.jhu.edu/~haceaton/pcb/index.html
     
     Free unix PCB editor. "...free software for making printed circuit
     board layouts. It has many features and is capable of
     professional-quality output. pcb was orignally written by Thomas Nau
     of University of Ulm, Germany, and is now maintained by harry eaton of
     the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel,
     Maryland, USA."
     =========================
     ========
     PC LOGIC
     Circuit Layout
     
     " Design your circuit with PC Logic's schematic capture program --
     This easy to learn program is an ideal front-end to PC Logic's Circuit
     Layout PCB editor. Schematic capture should have always been this
     easy!"
     =========================
     ========
     PCB ASSISTANT
     A. Waldherr (Germany)
     www.waldherr.com/
     Low cost PCB CAD software. Limited demo version, PCB Editor DEMO V3.0
     (900 KB)
     =========================
     ========
     PCB DESIGNER
     www.niche.co.uk/
     Low cost PCB CAD software. You can download limited demo version.
     
     "... Microsoft Windows application (see PCB Designer Requirements)
     that enables you to design masks for printed circuit boards. It's main
     goal is to make this process as easy as possible... ideally suited for
     use in educational establishments, for the home hobbyist and for small
     businesses." ?49 ($77 USD). English and French language libraries
     included in both full and demo versions.
     =========================
     ========
     PCB ELEGANCE
     Merco
     http://www.merco.nl/
     
     CAD/CAM software for schematic and routing. You can download limited
     demo version. "In the limited version of PCB elegance all the
     functionallity is available, except the design limited is set to 200
     pins."
     =========================
     ========
     PROTEUS LITE
     Labcenter
     www.labcenter.co.uk/
     
     Low cost CAD/CAM software. (Shareware). Limited demo version. I tried
     it a couple of years ago and personally found its interface very hard
     work.
     =========================
     ========
     PROCAD POWERSTATION 32
     Interactive CAD Systems
     www.icadsys.com
     
     "... a single Editor solution for Schematic Capture, PCB Layout,
     Wizard driven component creation, and Mechanical drafting. You don't
     need to use three or more packages with different interfaces - We do
     it all in one very easy to use EDA Editor..." Lite version for $50.
     =========================
     ========
     PROTEL
     Protel
     www.protel.com/
     
     Expensive, professional use. 30 days free trial available.
     =========================
     ========
     QCAD
     Microcad
     www.winqcad.com/
     
     "Qcad 14.1 is a complete electronics design software running with
     Windows 95/98/NT operating system. It includes schematics and PCB
     design, and a state of the art autorouter together with a post-routing
     optimizer. Depending on the features and pin capacity, Qcad is
     available from just $59 US."
     =========================
     ========
     QUICK ROUTE
     Quickroute Systems
     www.quickroute.co.uk/
     
     Poor web site - no details of Quick Route as at 14th Feb 2001.
     =========================
     ========
     RANGER 2
     Seetrax
     www.seetrax.co.uk/
     
     PCB CAD/CAM software. Limited demo version (no saving facilities).
     =========================
     ========
     SCORE
     [Unclear who developed it]
     members.ol.com.au/score/
     
     Free schematic capture software for Windows. (Alfa version). "Ability
     to import OrCAD SDT and OrCAD Release IV schematics
     Can use directly either .LIB or .SRC libraries. No design size
     limitations. Export EDIF netlist"
     =========================
     ========
     SILVACO
     SmartSpice
     www.silvaco.com/products/analog/crusade/smartspicent/smartspicent br.html
     
     
     "SmartSpice uniquely provides vendor compatibility with major Spice
     vendors and platform compatibility between UNIX and PC platforms...
     compatible with HSpice, PSpice and Berkeley Spice. Designs completed
     under HSpice and PSpice can be re-simulated without modification."
     =========================
     ========
     SUPERSPICE
     Kevin Aylward
     www.anasoft.co.uk
     
     "... Cheap, No Shit!, a currently free GUI xspice, unlimited
     component, mixed-mode Windows simulator with Schematic Capture,
     waveform display, FFT's and Filter Design."
     =========================
     ========
     SPICYCLE
     TATUM LABS
     www.tatumlabs.com
     
     Two-level schematic editor & PCB layout; reverse-engineering
     capability; imports a netlist & represents it schematically. $300
     entry?
     =========================
     ========
     SIMETRIX
     Newbury Technology
     www.newburytech.co.uk/models.html
     
     "...the most complete and high performance solution for electronics
     design using personal computers. Includes full Schematic Design and
     Capture, full interactive Symbol Editor, professional Printed Circuit
     Board Design and Layout, and Automatic Routing... 100% customer
     satisfaction. Since its inception 5 years ago, not one single customer
     has returned or asked to return a copy of SIMetrix, or expressed
     dissatisfaction with SIMetrix in any way." $249? Free demo available.
     =========================
     ========
     TopSPICE/Win32
     PENZAR DEVELOPMENT
     www.penzar.com/topspice.htm
     
     "For Windows 95/98/ME/NT/2000. An affordable integrated computer-aided
     circuit design software package offering advanced native mixed-mode
     mixed-signal analog/digital/behavioral simulation based on the
     industry standard SPICE program."
     =========================
     ========
     TINA Pro 5.5
     "Offering over 20,000 models, fully interactive simulation with a wide
     range of virtual instruments, and a powerful feature set, TINA is
     available in a range of versions to suit most users. Full information
     and demonstration software will be available on our web site next
     week" [Undated statement!]
     
     =========================
     ========
     TARGET2001
     I.B Friedrich (Germany)
     www.ibfriedrich.com/
     
     Limited demo version available.
     "For a LAYOUTER the migthyness of the functions is most important.  It
     does not matter which (expensive) hardware is required, how much the
     software costs or how long and costly the start-up time is; the main
     thing is, that he can work productively one fine day. TARGET 2001! V8
     design station ... is a Schematics / Simulation / PCB / Auto Router
     and EMC-Analysis package in ONE SINGLE PROGRAM and all project data in
     ONE SINGLE PROJECT FILE (real time forward- and back-annotation). You
     can have schematic and the PCB together on your screen or work in
     different projects at the same time."
     =========================
     ========
     ULTIBOARD
     Ultimate Technology (merged with Electronics Workbench 1999)
     www.ultiboard.com/
     
     "Ultiboard is a powerful, yet easy-to-use PCB layout and routing
     program..." Limited demo version available. Ultimate also supplier for
     Multisim, UltiROUTE and UltiCAP.
     =========================
     ========
     WINBOARD PCB
     www.ivex.com/
     CAD/CAM software for schematic and routing. Can download limited demo
     version. Starts at $250?
     =========================
     ========
     WINCIRCUIT 2000
     Alain Michel
     www.kagi.com/alain.michel/anglais.htm
     "Creation of printed circuits for Windows 3.x, 95, 98 ou NT...
     translated into English, Spanish and French... includes automatic
     routing. A view in pseudo 3D makes it possible to have a good idea of
     the side circuit."
     No print facility in evaluation version (600 KB). Full version $30
     (USD) or ?20 (UKP).
     =========================
     ========
     xcircuit
     Tim Edwards (senior staff engineer at Johns Hopkins University,
     Applied Physics Lab, Space Dept.)
     http://bach.ece.jhu.edu/~tim/programs/xcircuit/
     
     "There are drawing programs, and there are schematic capture
     programs... Rarely is the output of a schematic capture program really
     suitable for publication; often it is not even readable, or cannot be
     scaled... XCircuit is my UNIX/X11 (and now Windows, if you have an
     X-Server running) program for drawing publishable-quality electrical
     circuit schematic diagrams and related figures, and produce circuit
     netlists through schematic capture... XCircuit is flexible enough to
     be used as a generic program for drawing just about anything, and is
     competitive with powerful programs such as "xfig". It is especially
     good for any task requiring repeated use of a standard set of
     graphical objects, including architectural drawing, printed circuit
     board layouts, and (my personal favorite) music typography..."
     =========================
     ========
     
     Written on 14 February 2001 at 18:04 UK time
     ===
     
    Additionally, I have been made aware of a shareware package for routing circuit boards using CorelDRAW, Merlin PCB Designer. Details are at http://www.geocities.com/MerliPCB/index.html.

  5. Are there any transistor designs I can build?

    There are probably quite a few. Steve Burgess found one linked from http://sound.westhost.com/project27.htm . It includes some notes on speaker cabs. he also sells boards.

  6. Where can I see amps others have built?

    One collection is available at http://www.firebottle.com/ampage/homebrew.cgi?cat=ga. This incldues several done by folks from AGA.

    Thanks to Ylo (ctaylor) for this link.

  7. How should I orient my transformers?
  8. What's the headphone positioning trick with transformers?

    I'm going to include the key phrase "headphone positioning trick" in this post, so people can find it easily. :) I do it similar to that, but without initially dedicating the PT to a spot on the chassis...

    This is only going to help a person determine how far apart, and what orientation the PT, OT, and choke will have with respect to one another for induced hum consideration. This has nothing to do with feedback, hiss, oscillations, heater hum, or any other noise issue. The rest of your layout, some with respect to the PT and OT positions, will tell that tale.

    Thanks to James Peters at the AX84 forum (http://www.ax84.com/bbs/) for this one.